Fig. 5. Chemical profile in C-DM3 extract using HPLC analysis. Main chemical compositions of Trichosanthis Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Crataegi Fructus, and Cinnamomi Cortex, such as hyperoside, berberine, epiberberine, columbamin, coptisine, coumarin, jatrorrhizine, and citric acid were identified using LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, as described in the Materials and Methods section. C-DM3: clean-diabetes mellitus 3, HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography.