Outcome Changes by Lifestyle Habits at Week 4 and Week 12
| Non-drink group (n=20) | Drink group (n=23) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Week 4 - Baseline | P-value | Week 12 | Week 12 - Baseline | P-value | Baseline | Week 4 | Week 4 - Baseline | P-value | Week 12 | Week 12 - Baseline | P-value | ||
| Weight (kg) | 77.18 (69.74, 84.61) | 74.67 (67.20, 82.13) | -2.51 (-3.32, -1.70) | <.0001 |
74.48 (66.81, 82.14) | -2.70 (-3.50, -1.90) | <.0001 | 77.34 (70.95, 83.75) | 74.56 (68.36, 80.76) | -2.79 (-3.70, -1.87) | <.0001 |
74.14 (67.78, 80.50) | -3.21 (-4.70, -1.72) | 0.0002 |
|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.44 (27.57, 31.31) | 28.48 (26.54, 30.42) | -0.96 (-1.26, -0.66) | <.0001 |
28.35 (26.32, 30.38) | -1.09 (-1.42, -0.76) | <.0001 |
28.88 (27.53, 30.22) | 27.82 (26.48, 29.16) | -1.05 (-1.45, -0.66) | <.0001 |
27.61 (26.16, 29.06) | -1.26 (-1.82, -0.71) | <.0001 |
|
| WC (cm) | 96.36 (90.98, 101.74) | 92.41 (86.53, 98.28) | -3.96 (-5.56, -2.35) | <.0001 |
91.34 (85.12, 97.56) | -5.02 (-7.09, -2.95) | <.0001 |
93.41 (88.39, 98.44) | 90.53 (85.31, 95.75) | -2.88 (-3.95, -1.81) | <.0001 |
88.97 (84.05, 93.88) | -4.45 (-6.37, -2.53) | <.0001 |
|
| HC (cm) | 104.2 (100.9, 107.5) | 101.0 (97.6, 104.3) | -3.20 (-4.28, -2.11) | <.0001 |
100.0 (96.7, 103.3) | -4.12 (-5.64, -2.59) | <.0001 |
105.5 (102.3, 108.7) | 102.3 (99.4, 105.3) | -3.20 (-4.64, -1.75) | 0.0001 |
102.1 (99.3, 105.0) | -3.39 (-4.73, -2.04) | <.0001 |
|
| BFP (%) | 37.52 (35.28, 39.75) | 36.03 (33.25, 38.80) | -1.49 (-2.95, -0.03) | 0.0458 |
36.25 (34.25, 38.24) | -1.27 (-2.43, -0.11) | 0.0335 |
38.64 (36.18, 41.10) | 36.76 (34.46, 39.05) | -1.88 (-2.62, -1.15) | <.0001 |
36.77 (34.37, 39.18) | -1.87 (-2.97, -0.76) | 0.0020 |
|
| BFM (kg) | 28.72 (25.57, 31.87) | 27.00 (23.39, 30.60) | -1.73 (-3.10, -0.35) | 0.0168 |
27.10 (23.94, 30.25) | -1.63 (-2.60, -0.65) | 0.0025 |
29.84 (26.82, 32.87) | 27.39 (24.59, 30.19) | -2.45 (-3.27, -1.63) | <.0001 |
27.34 (24.20, 30.48) | -2.50 (-3.76, -1.25) | 0.0004 |
|
| MSC (kg) | 33.59 (27.42, 39.75) | 32.83 (27.29, 38.36) | -0.76 (-1.76, 0.24) | 0.1276 | 32.75 (26.92, 38.58) | -0.84 (-1.70, 0.03) | 0.0572 | 32.70 (27.38, 38.01) | 32.52 (27.26, 37.78) | -0.17 (-0.52, 0.17) | 0.3072 | 32.20 (26.97, 37.42) | -0.50 (-0.95, -0.05) | 0.0326 |
|
| Non-exercise group (n=27) | Exercise group (n=16) | ||||||||||||||
| Baseline | Week 4 | Week 4 - Baseline | P-value | Week 12 | Week 12 - Baseline | P-value | Baseline | Week 4 | Week 4 - Baseline | P-value | Week 12 | Week 12 - Baseline | P-value | ||
| Weight (kg) | 78.12 (72.04, 84.20) | 75.22 (69.17, 81.27) | -2.90 (-3.65, -2.15) | <.0001 |
75.49 (69.32, 81.65) | -2.63 (-3.63, -1.63) | <.0001 |
75.83 (67.79, 83.86) | 73.58 (65.75, 81.40) | -2.25 (-3.31, -1.19) | 0.0004 |
72.28 (64.21, 80.35) | -3.54 (-5.20, -1.89) | 0.0004 |
|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.22 (27.82, 30.61) | 28.08 (26.66, 29.50) | -1.14 (-1.45, -0.83) | <.0001 |
28.12 (26.62, 29.62) | -1.10 (-1.48, -0.71) | <.0001 |
29.01 (27.08, 30.93) | 28.21 (26.22, 30.20) | -0.79 (-1.22, -0.36) | 0.0014 |
27.68 (25.57, 29.79) | -1.33 (-1.95, -0.70) | 0.0004 |
|
| WC (cm) | 94.90 (90.70, 99.11) | 91.75 (87.34, 96.16) | -3.16 (-4.39, -1.93) | <.0001 |
90.63 (86.12, 95.14) | -4.28 (-6.05, -2.5) | <.0001 |
94.58 (87.51, 101.65) | 90.82 (83.28, 98.36) | -3.76 (-5.24, -2.28) | <.0001 |
89.13 (81.77, 96.49) | -5.45 (-7.72, -3.18) | 0.0001 |
|
| HC (cm) | 105.4 (102.6, 108.1) | 102.46 (99.65, 105.27) | -2.91 (-3.79, -2.04) | <.0001 |
102 (99.3, 104.69) | -3.37 (-4.51, -2.24) | <.0001 |
104.1 (99.9, 108.2) | 100.41 (96.91, 103.92) | -3.68 (-5.7, -1.65) | 0.0015 |
99.77 (96.11, 103.43) | -4.32 (-6.25, -2.39) | 0.0003 |
|
| BFP (%) | 37.92 (35.64, 40.20) | 35.71 (33.33, 38.1) | -2.21 (-3.25, -1.17) | 0.0002 |
36.7 (34.59, 38.81) | -1.22 (-2.3, -0.14) | 0.0281 |
38.44 (36.10, 40.79) | 37.6 (35.18, 40.02) | -0.84 (-1.82, 0.13) | 0.0860 | 36.24 (33.9, 38.58) | -2.21 (-3.27, -1.14) | 0.0005 |
|
| BFM (kg) | 29.54 (26.74, 32.34) | 26.91 (24.05, 29.78) | -2.63 (-3.55, -1.7) | <.0001 |
27.73 (24.85, 30.6) | -1.81 (-2.79, -0.83) | 0.0008 |
28.95 (25.45, 32.45) | 27.7 (24.11, 31.29) | -1.25 (-2.55, 0.05) | 0.0585 | 26.38 (22.92, 29.83) | -2.58 (-4.03, -1.12) | 0.0018 |
|
| MSC (kg) | 31.12 (26.70, 35.53) | 30.95 (26.74, 35.17) | -0.17 (-0.64, 0.31) | 0.4759 | 30.52 (26.3, 34.74) | -0.6 (-1.14, -0.06) | 0.0301 |
36.47 (28.80, 44.14) | 35.55 (28.33, 42.77) | -0.92 (-1.99, 0.16) | 0.0888 | 35.72 (28.27, 43.17) | -0.75 (-1.64, 0.14) | 0.0928 | |
| Non-exercise group (n=27) | Exercise group (n=16) | ||||||||||||||
| Week 4 - Baseline | Week 12 - Week 4 | Δ | P-value | Week 4 - Baseline | Week 12 - Week 4 | Δ | P-value | ||||||||
| Weight (kg) | -2.90 (-3.65, -2.15) | 0.27 (-0.34, 0.88) | 3.17 (2.23, 4.11) | <.0001 |
-2.25 (-3.31, -1.19) | -1.29 (-2.39, -0.20) | 0.96 (-0.50, 2.42) | 0.1912 | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | -1.14 (-1.45, -0.83) | 0.04 (-0.16, 0.24) | 1.18 (0.82, 1.54) | <.0001 |
-0.79 (-1.22, -0.36) | -0.53 (-0.97, -0.10) | 0.26 (-0.33, 0.85) | 0.3725 | |||||||
| WC (cm) | -3.16 (-4.39, -1.93) | -1.12 (-2.24, 0.00) | 2.03 (0.41, 3.66) | 0.0152 |
-3.76 (-5.24, -2.28) | -1.69 (-3.44, 0.07) | 2.08 (-0.13, 4.28) | 0.0636 | |||||||
| HC (cm) | -2.91 (-3.79, -2.04) | -0.46 (-1.31, 0.38) | 2.45 (1.26, 3.64) | 0.0001 |
-3.68 (-5.70, -1.65) | -0.64 (-1.99, 0.71) | 3.03 (0.70, 5.36) | 0.0125 |
|||||||
| BFP (%) | -2.21 (-3.25, -1.17) | 0.99 (-0.22, 2.19) | 3.19 (1.63, 4.75) | 0.0001 |
-0.84 (-1.82, 0.13) | -1.36 (-2.07, -0.65) | -0.52 (-1.68, 0.64) | 0.3678 | |||||||
| BFM (kg) | -2.63 (-3.55, -1.70) | 0.81 (-0.07, 1.70) | 3.44 (2.19, 4.69) | <.0001 |
-1.25 (-2.55, 0.05) | -1.33 (-2.09, -0.56) | -0.08 (-1.52, 1.37) | 0.9162 | |||||||
| MSC (kg) | -0.17 (-0.64, 0.31) | -0.43 (-0.98, 0.11) | -0.27 (-0.97, 0.44) | 0.4510 | -0.92 (-1.99, 0.16) | 0.17 (-0.55, 0.89) | 1.09 (-0.15, 2.33) | 0.0832 | |||||||
Data were expressed as mean (95% confidence interval).
BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumstance, HC: hip circumstance, BFP: body fat percent, BFM: body fat mass, MSC: muscle mass.
P-value by paired t-test, *P-value<0.05.
