Comparison of Intervention Details between Intervention and Control Groups
| Author, year | Type of intervention | Type of control |
|---|---|---|
| Tanco, 1998 33) | ⋅CT therapeutic approaches based on cognitive principles, discussion regarding body ideals and appearances and encouraging to recognize psychological and physiological need | ⋅Daily records of their food intake (1,200~1,500 kcal/d, daily food diaries) and exercise, reviewed weekly |
| Ramirez, 2001 35) | ⋅Cognitive restructuring to help them reduce negative self-talk and control self-defeating regarding appearances |
⋅Nutrition and behavioral self-management program to promote eating and exercise change |
| Ames, 2005 34) | ⋅RCB intervention focused on establishing realistic weight goals and expectations for weight loss, correcting faulty assumptions regarding appearance, valuing aspects of self-unrelated to weight, and fostering acceptance of the weight and body shape achieved following treatment | ⋅SB intervention: Low-calorie intake (e.g., 1,200~1,500 kcal/d) and training in self-monitoring, goal setting, stimulus control, social support, and relapse prevention strategies. Structured exercise consisting of 30 min of moderate to high intensity activities (e.g., aerobics classes, brisk walking, jogging, cycling) for 5 or more days per week |
| Stahre, 2007 10) | ⋅Cognitive group treatment to inform the probable causes of dysfunctional eating behavior and to focus on deficiencies in self-control, low self-esteem, and stress |
⋅Information on dieting and practical training |
| Befort, 2008 39) | ⋅Motivational interviewing: changing behaviors by discussing past experiences, clarifying connections between core values and weight loss, as well as motivation to lose weight |
⋅Health education: Provision of health information and advice unrelated to weight loss |
| Werrij, 2009 32) | ⋅First intervention: Same as the control group |
⋅First intervention: Provided with nutritional education, food diaries, and learning when to stop eating, how to refuse food, how to find social support, and how to deal with parties, among others. |
| Rodriguez-Hernandez, 2009 45) | ⋅Behavioral strategies, cognitive skills, and relapse prevention techniques to identify factors that trigger overeating |
⋅Exercise: Walking, dancing, cycling, or swimming for 30 min/d, for at least 5 d/wk |
| Annesi, 2010 40) | ⋅Exercise support based on each participant's preference |
⋅Exercise support based on each participant's preference |
| Annesi, 2012 36) | ⋅Exercise support based on each participant's preference (6, 1-hr individual sessions per week). |
⋅Exercise support based on each participant's preference (6, 1-hr individual sessions per week). |
| Annesi, 2013 37) | ⋅Exercise support instructing additional behavioral skills, such as productive self-talk, addressing cues to exercise, and accommodating barriers to exercise (six, 45~60 min/wk) |
⋅Exercise support instructing additional behavioral skills such as productive self-talk, addressing cues to exercise, and accommodating barriers to exercise (six, 45~60 min/wk) |
| Jamal, 2016 38) | ⋅Cognitive behavior sessions regarding negative thoughts, challenges in lifestyle change, maintaining motivation, experience sharing |
⋅Decrease caloric intake by 500 kcal/d |
| Manzoni, 2016 43) | ⋅Self-monitoring of food intake and eating patterns, addressing barriers to weight loss and body image concerns, and learning problems in eating, mood, and thinking patterns | ⋅Low calorie diet (1,200 kcal/d) and physical training (minimum of 30 min of walking, twice a week) |
| Marcon, 2017 44) | ⋅Reduction or elimination of undesirable behaviors, negative thoughts associated with diet, and physical activity |
⋅Information regarding the importance of changing eating habits and physical activity |
| Grilo, 2005 18) | ⋅CBT self-help book including psychoeducational chapters (e.g., binge eating, associated problems, self-help approach) and how to change eating habits and associated features. | ⋅Behavioral weight loss self-help book focused on lifestyle changes with goals of moderate caloric restriction and increased physical activity to produce modest gradual weight losses. |
| Munsch, 2007 23) | ⋅Education regarding treatment of binge eating, self-monitoring of eating behavior, daily food intake plan, body exposure training, and goal setting, regulating eating behavior, identifying binge eating cues, and modification body concept | ⋅Understanding etiology and treatment of obesity, weight loss goals, fat reduced nutrition, and increasing physical activity |
| Wilson, 2010 19) | ⋅Education on binge eating and focus on self-monitoring, self-control, problem solving, and relapse prevention. | ⋅Self-monitoring of exercise, fat intake, and caloric intake. |
| Grilo, 2011 20) | ⋅Identifying and challenging maladaptive cognitions regarding eating and weight/shape, and thoughts that serve as binge eating triggers | ⋅Focused on making gradual lifestyle changes |
| Grilo, 2013 24) | ⋅Education regarding binge eating, dieting, and health; development of coping skills for maladaptive eating triggers | ⋅Advice and treatment recommendation by primary care physician |
| Linde, 2011 21) | ⋅Setting of additional behavioral and cognitive change-related goals to improve depressive symptoms, and regular mood self-monitoring (55% for depression treatment + 45% for weight loss treatment) |
⋅Focus on behavioral goal setting and self-monitoring of caloric intake, physical activity, body weight |
| Pagoto, 2013 22) | ⋅Improvements in thoughts, mood, and overall quality of life |
⋅Health education on topic of women's health |
| Faulconbridge, 2018 15) | ⋅Identify and modify negative automatic thoughts and core beliefs |
⋅Behavioral weight management skills, encouraged to record food intake and minutes of physical activity, self-monitoring, and stimulus control |
CT: cognitive therapy, RCB: reformulated cognitive-behavioral, SB: standard behavioral, LED: low energy diet, LF: low fat diet, LC: low carbohydrate diet, CBT: cognitive behavioral therapy, CR: calorie restriction.
