
Characteristics of Animal Study
No. | Author (yr) | Characteristics of study | Animal subjects (age) | Treatment | Experimental group (n) | Duration of Treatment | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disease model (induced) | |||||||
1 | Lee JH 53) (2011) | Single dose Toxicity study | ICR mice (5 weeks) |
|
Control 0 mg/kg (10) |
Once | Mortality, LD50, clinical signs, BW, organ weight, necropsy findings, hematologic values (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCHC, MCH, MCV, PLT) |
- | |||||||
2 | Song MY 54) (2013) | Efficacy pharmacology; anti-obesity | SD rat (8 weeks) | Fermented |
Normal (6) |
8 weeks | BW, TC, HDL, blood glucose |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
3 | Yoo JS 55) (2015) | Efficacy pharmacology; anti-obesity | C57BL/6N mice (8 weeks) | Herbal medicine |
Normal (9) |
8 weeks | BW, FER%, leptin, adioponectin, TG, FFA, glucose, insulin, - |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
4 | Shin YR 56) (2015) | Efficacy pharmacology; lipid metabolism | C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks) |
|
Normal (8) |
3 weeks | BW, food intake, water intake, TC, HDL, TG, AST, ALT, FBS, lipid accumulation in liver tissue, gen expression in liver tissue |
Dyslipidemia (HFD induced) | |||||||
5 | Keum SO 57) (2015) | Efficacy pharmacology; anti-obesity | C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks) |
|
Normal (5) |
7 weeks | Body weight, food intake, serological markers (total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipid contents, leptin, adiponectin and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase) mRNA expression of obese-associating genes (SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, ACO, CPT-1α) |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
6 | Kim YM 58) (2015) | Efficacy pharmacology; anti-obesity | C57BL/6 mice (5 weeks) | Agastache rugosa (AR) |
Normal (5) |
4 weeks | Body weight, food intake, food efficiency, adipose tissue weight, histological changes (adipose tissue, liver), PPAR-γ, leptin |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
7 | Kim SM 59) (2015) | Efficacy pharmacology; reproductive organ damage | SD rat (6 weeks) |
|
Intact (8) |
4 weeks | BW, organ weight (thyroid gland, testis, epididymis, prostate), TSH, T3, thyroxine, testosterone, DHT, FSH, testicular antioxidant defense systems (MDA, H2O2, SOD, catalase) histomorphometry (thyroid gland, testis, epididymis, prostate) |
Hypothyroidism related rat male reproductive organ damages (Propylthiouracil induced) | |||||||
8 | Lee MC 60) (2015) | Efficacy pharmacology; GI mobility | ICR mice (8 weeks) |
|
Normal (-) |
Once | ITR |
Normal Peritoneal irritation (acetic acid injection induced) |
|||||||
9 | Song MY 61) (2016) | General characteristics of obesity model induced by HFD | C57BL/6 mice (5 weeks) | - | Normal (10) |
8-16 weeks | BW, FBS, OGTT, ITT, serum insulin, serum glucose, TC, TG, organ weight (liver, pancrease, epididymal fat), histological changes of liver tissue, basal body temperature, MW to BW |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
10 | Song MY 62) (2016) | Efficacy pharmacology; anti-obesity | C57BL/6 mice (5 weeks) | Coix lacrymajobi var. mayuen (Coix) |
Normal (10) |
16 weeks | Body weight, food intake, energy efficiency, adipocyte size, morphological change (epididymal tissue, liver tissue), liver weight, GOT, GPT, OGTT, serum insulin |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
11 | Kim SM 63) (2016) | Efficacy pharmacology; lipid metabolism | SD rat (-) |
|
Control-negative (10) |
6 weeks | FFA, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, GOT, GPT, TBARS (plasma, lier), GSH-px, SOD, CAT, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 |
Abnormal lipid metabolism (induced by high oxidized fat in food stuffs) | |||||||
12 | Kang AN 64) (2016) | Efficacy pharmacology; glucose metabolism | SD rat (5 weeks) |
|
Normal (-) |
4 weeks | BW, food intake, water intake, urine volume, TC, GOT, GPT, histopathologic changes (pancrease, liver, kidney) |
Diabetes (high fat, high sucrose diet and STZ administration induced) | |||||||
13 | Chang SJ 65) (2017) | Efficacy pharmacology; glucose metabolism | C57BL/6 mice (4 weeks) |
|
Normal (7) |
10 weeks | BW, OGTT, TC, organ weight (liver, kidney, testis) fat weight (intestinal fat, total fat) GOT, GPT, histological changes of liver tissue |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
14 | Song MY 66) (2017) | Efficacy pharmacology; glucose metabolism | C57BL/6 mice (5 weeks) |
|
Normal (3) |
16 weeks | BW, food intake, tissue weight (liver, pancreas, MW/BW), adipose tissue weight, AST, ALT, lipid accumuliation in liver, TG, TC, HDL, OGTT, body temperature |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
15 | Kim MJ 67) (2017) | Single dose toxicity study | SD rat (7 weeks) | Modified |
Female 0 mg/kg (5) |
Once | BW, clinical signs, necropsy findings |
- | |||||||
16 | Bae JS 68) (2017) | Efficacy pharmacology; GI mobility | ICR mice (8 weeks) |
|
Normal (-) |
Once | ITR |
Peritoneal irritation (acetic acid injection induced) |
|||||||
17 | Song MY 69) (2017) | Efficacy pharmacology; glucose metabolism | C57BL/6 mice (5 weeks) | CAPA |
Normal (5) |
16 weeks | BW, food intake, energy efficiency, body temperature, tissue weight (liver, pancreas, MW/BW), adipose tissue weight, AST, ALT, lipid accumuliation in liver, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, OGTT, |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
18 | Baek SE 70) (2017) | Efficacy pharmacology; extrogen-deficiency | Rat |
|
Normal - sham operation group (6) |
8 weeks | BW, leptin, estradiol, CCK, ghrelin, adiponectin |
Estrogen-deficient obesity (Ovariectomized) | |||||||
19 | Im UJ 71) (2017) | Efficacy pharmacology; cytoprotective effect | SD rat (12 weeks) | Salvianolic acid B (SAB) |
Normal (12) |
5 days | AST, LDH, CPK, creatinine, histological changes of left ventricle myocardium, sporadic fragmentation, superoxide formation, expression of Bax, expression of Bcl-2 |
Cardiac muscle damage (exhaustive swimming induced) | |||||||
20 | Lee YK 72) (2017) | Efficacy pharmacology; lipid metabolism | C57BL/6 mice (5 weeks) |
|
Control saline 100 mL |
2 weeks | BW, histological changes of inguinal body fat pad, HSL, ATGL, lipid accumluation, lipase |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
21 | Cho EJ 73) (2018) | Efficacy pharmacology; anti-obesity, lipid metabolism | SD rat (6 weeks) |
|
Normal (7) |
6 weeks | BW, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, FFA, total lipid, phospholipid, WBC, RBC, Hb, PLT, GPT, GOT |
Obesity (HFD induced) | |||||||
22 | Kim MJ 74) (2018) | Repeated dose toxicity study | SD rat |
Modified |
Modified |
90 days | Clinical sign, mortality, food intake, BW, ophthalmologic findings, urine analysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, histological markers |
- | |||||||
23 | Kim BH 75) (2018) | Efficacy pharmacology; lipid metabolism | SD rat (8 weeks) |
|
Normal (10) |
8 weeks | Mortality, clinical sign, BW, AST, ALT, liver weight, liver-body weight, histological chagnes in liver tissue, TNF-α |
Alcoholic fatty liver (induced by long-term EtOH administration) | |||||||
24 | Kim BH 76) (2018) | Efficacy pharmacology; cytoprotective effect | SD rat (8 weeks) |
|
Normal (10) |
8 weeks | BW, AST, ALT, AST/ALT, liver weight, liver-body weight, histological chagnes in liver tissue, TNF-α |
Alcoholic fatty liver (induced by EtOH) |
HCT: hematocrit, LPS: lipopolysaccharide, TEER: transepithelial electrical resistance, NO: nitric oxide, HRP: horseradish peroxide, DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, COX-2: cyclooxygenase-type 2, TEER: transepithelial electrical resistance, C/EBPα: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, PPARγ: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ, AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase, PPAR-α: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α, IL: interleukin, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, XBP-1: X-box binding protein 1, SIRT 1: sirtuin1, PGC1α: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptror γ coactivator 1α, NRF: nuclear respiratory factors, Tfam: mitochondrial transcription factor, HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reducatase, MyoD: myoblast determination protein1, Mrf5: myogenic factor 5, MHC: myosin heavy chain, GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ROS: reactive oxygen species, Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2, PARP: poly [ADP-ribose]-polymerase, HO-1: heme oxygenase 1, NQO-1: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1, TrxR1: thioredoxin reductase 1, ATP: adenosine triphosphate, JNK: Jun N-terminal kinase, NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB, ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase, NAO: nonyl acridine orange, TRPM7: transient receptor potential melastatin 7, IC: the half maximal inhibitory concentration, DNJ: 1-deoxynojirimycin, GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid, ACE: angiotensinconverting-enzyme, 2-NBDG: 2-[N-(7-160 nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3,-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-dglucose, FFA: free fatty acid, TRPV4: transient receptor potential melastatin 7, NAC: N-acetyl cysteine, MMPs: mitochondrial membrane potentials, Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2, 2-DG6P: 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate, IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate-1, Akt: protein kinase B, GLUT4: glucose transporter 4.